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The late Prime Minister Meles Zenawi, who laid the foundation stone in 2011, said the dam would be built without begging for money . Neither the Egyptian nor the Ethiopian governments received positive domestic feedback on their agreement. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. Despite the controversy and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam's effect on Egypt and Sudan, it appears that the Ethiopian government will continue to move forward with filling the dam. The Chinese donors who have agreed to fund it have performed no independent social or environmental impact reviews. Attia, H. & Saleh, M. (2021). One senior advisor to former Ethiopian prime minister Meles Zenawi alluded to it when he said that Ethiopia will supply the electricity, Sudan the food, and Egypt the money. To which we might add, and South Sudan will supply the oil.. In fact, about 85 % of the overall Nile flow originates on Ethiopian territory (Swain, 2011). Elliot Winter is a lecturer (assistant professor) in international law at Newcastle University in the United Kingdom. An argument could be made that some of its provisions have passed into customary international law, however, that would require clear general practice and opinio juris. Kandeel, A. After all, the VCLT allows states to withdraw from or terminate a treaty owing to a fundamental change of circumstances which has occurred and which was not foreseen by the parties (Article 62(1)). The Tripartite National Council (TNC) was then established, consisting of members from each of the three countries with the aim of carrying through the IPoE's recommendations (Attia & Saleh, 2021). Because Ethiopia has been so cavalier with regard to the technical aspects of its dams, portions of them have also caved in soon after they began operation. However, the DoP lacks these key traits, and these omissions suggest that it may simply be a non-binding declaration designed to ease political tensions and to illuminate a way forward. Helping Egypts cause, during the preparation of the VCSS, the International Law Commission stated that treaties concerning water rights or navigation on rivers are commonly regarded as candidates for inclusion in the category of territorial treaties. However, it must be noted that this would represent a generous interpretation of the territorial treaty exception. They can also cause dispute and heartachefor example, over damage to. 2. Ethiopia has never 'consumed' significant shares of the Nile's water so far, as its previous political and economic fragility in combination with a lack of external financial support, due to persistent Egyptian opposition to projects upstream, prevented it from implementing large-scale projects. His successor, Mohamed Morsi, said that Egypt was prepared to defend each drop of Nile water with blood. An armed conflict has not emerged, but there are suggestions that Egyptian intelligence services undermined Ethiopia internally by assisting the Oromo Liberation Front in its campaign of civil unrest in Ethiopia in 2016. On 5 July 2021, Ethiopia informed Egypt and Sudan that the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Blue Nile in Ethiopia is undergoing its second filling. Even without taking the dam into account, the largely desert country is short of water. The latter, in Article 2(4), allocated acquired rights of 66% of Nile water to Egypt and 22% to Sudan (with the remaining 12% attributed to leakage). The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Source of cooperation or - USGS The Danger of Multi-Party Democracy and Free Elections in Plural Societies Recognizing the Muslim Brotherhood as a Legitimate Player in Egyptian Politics was a Big Mistake Ethiopian Partnering with ASKY to Establish West African Cargo Hub Ethiopia and China's ZTE singed $800 million mobile deal H and M to build factories in Ethiopia According to this narrative, the Blue Nile, or Abay in Amharic, is a purely Ethiopian river. Political instability in Egypt played an important role as the announcement of the project coincided with the resignation of President Mubarak during the Arab Spring. EDUARDO SOTERAS/AFP via Getty Images. This agreement could pave the way for a more detailed cooperation framework, and represents a major step toward dispute resolution. This is an intergovernmental partnership to provide a forum for consultation and coordination for the sustainable management and development of shared water. Egypts original goal was to have the project purely and simply cancelled. But controversy has surrounded the project ever since it was announced in 2011 especially concerning its . Similarly, in 2018, the UNSC noted the water security risks in African nations such as Somalia, Sudan and Mali. However, an agreement was still far from reach. It has also expressed concerns about the potential impact the initial filling of the dam will have on areas downstream. After announcing the dam's construction, and with a view to the increasing tensions, the Ethiopian government invited both Egypt and Sudan to form an International Panel of Experts (IPoE) to solicit understanding of the benefits, costs and impacts of the GERD. "Today as you see behind me . An unsubscribe function is also at the bottom of every newsletter. AFRICANGLOBE. In that light, Egypt should minimize trips to Washington, D.C., New York, and Brussels, and instead use its diplomatic resources to improve its relations with the other riparian states. What could have been strictly technical negotiations have turned into a political deadlock. This antipathy is not new, with Munzinger noting even in the nineteenth century that Ethiopia is a danger for Egypt [which] must either take over Ethiopia and Islamize it or, retain it in anarchy and misery. Still, the Dam brings the old enmity into sharp focus. According to some estimates, the Ethiopian government had to arrange for the resettlement of 1.5 million people in the four regions of Gambela, Somali, Afar, and Benishangul-Gumuz. Even in 2023, there are only 46 state parties, with key actors such as the US, Canada and Brazil remaining outside the Conventions regime. It's very unpredictable and it can be very dangerous," says Pottinger. "The Blue Nile is the lifeblood of Egypt and its people and critics fear the dam could significantly reduce water flow to the country." "Climate change is such a big unknown. Although Ethiopia has argued that the hydroelectric GERD will not significantly affect the flow of water into the Nile, Egypt, which depends almost entirely on the Nile waters for household and commercial uses, sees the dam as a major threat to its water security. Nevertheless, Khartoum continues to fear that the operation of the GERD could threaten the safety of Sudans own dams and make it much more difficult for the government to manage its own development projects. Ethiopia's determination to build a major new dam, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), for hydropower purposes has been the flashpoint of current conflicts in the Eastern Nile Basin (Gebreluel, 2014). According to Baradei, hydropower dams create immense turbulence in the water, where chemical reactions such as dissolved oxygen can destroy fauna and flora. Maguid, M.A. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is a Big Deal - BORGEN It and several other large dams in Ethiopia could turn the country into Africa's hydropower hub. However, it also entails potential negative effects on Egypt, if not carefully managed (see alsoSecurity implications of growing water scarcity in Egypt). Ethiopia, however, prefers to have the flexibility to make decisions on how to deal with droughts. The Grand Renaissance Dam - Ethiopia's greatest risk This dam, set to be the largest in Africa in terms of power capacity, continues to cause disagreement between Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt on filling and operation strategies. Subsequent impact studies were performed by the European Investment Bank and the African Development Bank, and in the light of the results, these banks cancelled their funding for Gibe III. Review a brief history of copyright in the United States. Salman, S.M.A. For more on the background and history of these important relationships, see my book with former AGI Director Mwangi S. Kimenyi, Governing the Nile River Basin: The Search for a New Legal Regime., not be filled without a legally binding agreement, when the flow of Nile water to the dam falls below 35-40 b.c.m. Search for jobs related to Disadvantages of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. Omar, A. As mentioned above, Ethiopias dam-construction strategy is intimately linked with large-scale foreign investment in the agrarian sector and specifically in areas near the artificial reservoirs created by the dams. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and hydroelectric project is located 700 km northeast of the capital city Addis Abeba, in the Benishangul--Gumaz region of Ethiopia, along the Blue Nile River. Despite the intense disagreements, though, Ethiopia continues to move forward with the dam, arguing that the hydroelectric project will significantly improve livelihoods in the region more broadly. Monday January 2, 2017. (2012). It has led a diplomatic initiative to undermine support for the dam in the region; as well as in other countries supporting the project such as China and Italy. Challenges for water sharing in the Nile basin: changing geo-politics and changing climate. The results indicated that the negative impacts on Egyptian water resources are dominant. per year, that would constitute a drought, to push the three countries to adhere to their obligations in accordance with the rules of international law in order to reach a fair and balanced solution to the issue of the GERD, 1929 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty and 1959 Agreement. Egypt Forced to Negotiate on Nile Dam. Yet, Ethiopia is fully aware of Somalias economic dependence on the rivers originating from Ethiopias highlands. 1800m long and 170m high. Egypt faces another dam challenge - Al-Monitor: Independent, trusted Ethiopian Renaissance Dam & Its implications on Egypt However, the Convention took almost twenty years to enter into force (from 1997 to 2014) due to the lack of necessary ratifications by states. grand ethiopian renaissance dam. Downstream countries Egypt and Sudan have expressed concerns over the impacts of the dam on their water supply. l Coordinates 111255N 3505 . The filling time is estimated to take about 10 years, during which the Blue Nile water flows would be reduced. Ethiopia rejects Arab League resolution on Renaissance Dam The strategy and its surrounding narrative have attracted large influxes of foreign investment in the Ethiopian agrarian sector, with multi-million dollar leases of agricultural land to foreigners generally linked to irrigation projects planned in tandem with the construction of the dam.

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